清朝亡國國庫剩多少？1數字後人傻眼

Fei Teng Wireless Technology (FT-RF) is a Taiwan antenna manufacturer. Since our inception in 2001, we have been consistently inventing and improving in order to better understand and respond to the demands of our clients.

By delivering trustworthy design technology and stringent quality control, we have years of award-winning experience in numerous industries and applications such as military, commercial, and citizen frequency bands.

FT-RF specializes in producing:

Military Antennas (Jammer Antenna, Military Horn antenna, Military vehicle antenna, Antenna Telescope Mast, Marine, Panel, Log Periodic antenna, Gooseneck, Whip, GPS, Connector, Adapter...) Please visit the website: https://military.ft-rf.com.tw/
Outdoor Antenna and Indoor Antenna: Including Lora Antenna, ISM, LPWA antenna (868MHz antenna aka EU868, 915MHz antenna aka US915, 923MHz antenna aka AS923 and others.), 4G LTE antenna, 5G antenna, Wifi Antenna, Multi-Frequency Antenna, UHF antenna..., RF components, Cables and Connectors. We offer a variety of high-performance antennas for Global LoRaWAN applications, including 868 MHz, 915 MHz, 868 MHz, and 923 MHz... Our product line comprises both durable outdoor antennas and indoor high-performance dipole antennas that are suitable for a variety of LoRa applications, including Helium Network support. Please visit the website here: https://ft-rf.com.tw/.
Horn Antenna: RF Microwave Antennas, EMC test equipment (Double Ridged Horn Antenna, Open boundary double ridged horn antenna, Quad Ridged Horn Antenna, Standard Gain Horn antenna, Waveguide to coax Adapter, precision Sleeve Dipole Antenna, Log Periodic Antenna, Antenna Tripod, RF connectors... Please visit the website: https://horn.ft-rf.com.tw/
We provide measurement and calibration Tests, ODM, OEM services for certain products.

We have hundreds of customers from over 60 countries, and to meet their demands, we developed a plant in Vietnam (with a total infrastructure area of 10000 square meters, which includes three major buildings dedicated to operations and production) in addition to the main manufacturing facility in Taiwan. Now, we are focusing on automatic production lines and investing in automation equipment. In the future, we pledge to deliver the highest-quality product in the shortest possible period.

The horn antenna is a broadband passive device, shaped like a pyramid horn, referred to as a TEM antenna, which guides the beam of radio waves at a precise frequency. FT-RF Double Ridged Horn antennas have frequency capabilities ranging from 400MHz to 40GHz depending on type and style. These series are characterized by a huge frequency range and extremely high input powers. With increasing frequency, the gain rises to a maximum of 18 dBi. At higher frequencies, the increased gain compensates for the increasing cable losses.

The advantages of Horn antenna:

- Wide bandwidth: Because the horn antenna has no resonant parts, it can function over a wide range of frequencies.

- Easy waveguide interface: These antennas are very easy to interface to waveguide due to their shape, but they can also be designed with a transition so that a regular coaxial feeder can be used.

- Easy to make, simple design.

The horn is suitable for both transmitting and receiving purposes, especially suitable for EMC and immunity test measurements.

Recommended Accessories

- Antenna Tripod: easy and fast-changing polarisation. 100% stable handling

- SMA Cable: High-quality special SMA cable

新奇中心／綜合報導

▲清朝亡國時，國庫十分空虛。（示意圖／翻攝自微信）

清朝是中國最後一個王朝，也成了許多影視作品取材的主題。超過2百年的清朝，之所以面臨亡國原因眾多，其中一項痛點就與窘迫的財政有關。相傳，清朝在亡國之後，民國的官員就找到了清朝時期的「國庫」，裡面剩下的銀兩，可說是讓後人傻眼了。

清朝滅亡，民國接手政權後，官員找到這個大庫房，據說就是存放國家銀兩的倉庫。好不容易開啟後，卻發現裡面偌大的空間中，不見金山銀山，居然只有寥寥可數的幾個銀錠，詮釋了「國庫空虛」一詞。

至於為何如此，就被歸納出三項原因，分別為：皇室生活太奢靡、官僚貪腐的歷史共業、許多百姓根本交不起賦稅。事實上，清朝國庫空虛的問題，並非是末期列強入侵等因素所致，早在被認為是盛世的康熙皇帝時期，奏書中就曾經出現過的「虧空」二字。為何正逢盛世卻入不敷出呢？除了上述三項因素之外，康熙時期曾遇上嚴重天災，又有皇帝南巡等事件，使得財務窘迫的問題，到了清末更是變本加厲，最終導致了國庫只剩下幾個銀錠這種慘況。

據清史記載，清朝的國庫位於北京紫禁城內，為中央銀庫，又可分為兩種，分別為「內府庫藏」和「戶部銀庫」。內府庫藏中的財寶只屬於皇帝個人，用以修築宮殿、宮中開銷等等，而宮中的各種開銷就包含，發放給嬪妃婢女的銀兩，或是舉辦重要節日舉辦的宮宴活動等等。戶部銀庫，則是國家財政賦稅收入的匯集地，各項國家經濟、軍事活動開支也主要由此銀庫進行發放，皇帝並不能私自使用。

The horn antenna is a broadband passive device, shaped like a pyramid horn, referred to as a TEM antenna, which guides the beam of radio waves at a precise frequency. FT-RF Double Ridged Horn antennas have frequency capabilities ranging from 400MHz to 40GHz depending on type and style. These series are characterized by a huge frequency range and extremely high input powers. With increasing frequency, the gain rises to a maximum of 18 dBi. At higher frequencies, the increased gain compensates for the increasing cable losses.

The advantages of Horn antenna:

- Wide bandwidth: Because the horn antenna has no resonant parts, it can function over a wide range of frequencies.

- Easy waveguide interface: These antennas are very easy to interface to waveguide due to their shape, but they can also be designed with a transition so that a regular coaxial feeder can be used.

- Easy to make, simple design.

The horn is suitable for both transmitting and receiving purposes, especially suitable for EMC and immunity test measurements.

Recommended Accessories

- Antenna Tripod: easy and fast-changing polarisation. 100% stable handling

- SMA Cable: High-quality special SMA cable